Our train arrived in Vilnius at an ungodly hour of the morning. We disembark and then try to figure out how we can get to our hotel. We had mapped out that a taxi would be the best bet, however we had no local currency, and the shops were all closed so exchanging it was somewhat difficult. Off in a corner of the train station we were able to come across a money exchange machine that let us get some Litas for our taxi ride.
The taxi brought us through a series of really narrow and curvy streets that eventually met up in what is known as Old Vilnius. The hotel was open, but seeing that most people weren’t up yet, getting our room for the night wasn’t possible. They were kind enough to let us drop off our luggage and give us a map so we could explore the city until our room freed up.
We ended up wandering, looking for some place where we could grab breakfast. Here are some of the newer apartments in the city.
We ended up following a path that ran on top of the ridge that follows the river that cuts through Vilnius. The lilac bushes were in bloom which was rather nice. An office building we passed along the way. What I found neat was if you look at the building there is a second layer of glass on the outside of it. Each window inside the building can open up, unlike most offices in North America. The end result for this building is that you have a air gap at the bottom of the building and as the sun strikes the outer layer of glass it heats up the air between it and the building. The air rises, pulling air from inside the building out. In short this is a type of solar chimney, which is a really awesome way to keep buildings cooler without the excessive use of electricity. Along the path we were able to see the old fort, and one of the only hills in the area (the country is REALLY flat). We found a local grocery store and took a look through it. One of our odd delights when travelling is to visit local groceries and see the type of food that is commonly stocked in the shelves. It tells much more about an area than anything you would read in a book. After we had our breakfast we continued along to see more gorgeous brickwork. We crossed a bridge which had some statues commemorating one of the many battles that has happened here (in recent memory). Yo. Once we crossed the bridge, we ended up in what is known as the new city. There aren’t many skyscrapers (7 at most), but they are all new and quite pretty. The art in the park was also distinctly Baltic in nature. In the core of the new city is what anyone would expect to find… a mall. It was a nice mall, but not too different than what we have back home. It seems sports cars were a bit more impressive here than some spray paint on an old car. This one was even branded 🙂 A panoramic of the new city of Vilnius. Another local apartment complex. I did like how green everything felt. And as we wandered, we eventually hit this place! Even cooler was that this prison was the one where the first president of Israel was imprisoned at during the second World War. We just have to go in and see it! We were about to go knock on the front door to ask for a tour when a police car pulls in, and is buzzed in… Oops. A further sign this wasn’t a tourist attraction was that a pair of women came out… crying. So we quietly made it around the back to where the parking was to take a snapshot of the place. There was quite a lot of razor wire. Ya… maybe we don’t want to visit there. We followed the back alleyways past the prison and saw some more houses. This was one of the chimneys. A here is a local child, behind bars. Although in this case, he was in school – so a different type of prison. The backs of one of the apartment buildings. Funny to think that one of my grandparents owned something like this before the war. By now most of the people had woken up, and we were in serious need of a pick-me-up. So we visited a local coffee shop that was eerily like Starbucks. With our new found energy, we made our way further into the old city. Here is a memorial to WW2. There are a lot of these in Vilnius. The memorial with the church in the background. One of the carved rocks that was built into the memorial. And, as I was saying, there were a lot of WWII monuments. This was likely the biggest one we saw that day. This is only a small part of the wall. The granite bricks surround a very large building. Each brick has a carving of a name of one of the freedom fighters that was killed in action trying to liberate the country (in action or captivity) from the Russians, then the Germans and then the Russians again. Now this building isn’t just any building. It is a former MGB, German SS, and KGB facility. Let’s just say the building feels a bit heavy when you walk by. It has now been partially converted to the Museum of Genocide (which ironically only recently included the Jewish genocide). When they refer to genocide, they are specifically speaking to the genocide of the Lithuanian people, specifically those who resisted. The resistance piece is very important to note, since my family fled after the Germans conquered the city, but before the Russians recaptured it. A lot of family and locals were deported to Siberia during this time. It may also explain why the border guard as I entered Russia smiled once she saw my heritage in my name. The building was not immune to attacks and is still covered in shell markings.1 I will just describe the museum as heavy. In the basement it still had all of the jail cells that were used. Some were no bigger than me! And I do mean me. They were like coffins. Some of the larger rooms lacked covered windows and were specially built to be used in the cold winter months. Prisoners would be place on a small disc in the middle of the room, and then beneath the disc a large amount of water was filled and left there. This is like an early form of water boarding, where if you fell asleep, you’d be quickly woken up by falling into the water. (and now we have tamer versions of this as a ‘challenge’ on Survivor). The weirdest room was the kill room. We made our way in and even though we didn’t know what happened in this room (yet), we were creeped out. We end up in this small room and as we are looking about I just freeze. I don’t know how long I was there, but Alicia eventually had to get my attention since I was standing on the exact spot where… too many people were shot. The number of holes in the rock precisely in front of my head from the bullets was grotesque. And thinking this was bad enough, there was a reverse coal chute that was in the room, which was used to send the bodies up, “to be dealt with”.
And after several hours of this not so uplifting atmosphere, we tried to lighten things up, and came across a vintage clothing store.
Alicia tried on a bunch of things, and eventually left with a lovely skirt. I didn’t fare so well.
We passed this really cool statue in the park. And no, that isn’t perspective, it is stretched that way by itself. I find it one of the easiest ways for me to peg off Lithuanian work. Now the importance of this statue? It is what was built to commemorate when Lithuania announced its independence from the Soviet Union through the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
Some more monuments, although we didn’t get what these were for. Another apartment with more Lithuanian art. Notice a trend with it? And now some pansies to lighten the mood. A church. And here is the site of the Lithuanian parliament. While mostly erased, we did see a few communist markings on a few of the buildings. And as proof of how strong an influence mother Russia can be, Alicia had to try really hard not to say thank you in Russia when interacting with people. This was harder than it sounds. And given the history, it was very important to NOT speak Russian lest one ticks off the locals. An eagle. And here was their own version of Atlas. Carvings in the stone. A local selling some flowers. An interesting form of advertising we saw there. Go peddle power! The bus system there, while electric, does look a bit in need of a coat of paint. Mr. ice cream guy Hidden church. So after having spring chase us for so many weeks, it finally caught up with us and gave us tulips. And here is a dog being silly by wearing glasses. This old lady statue isn’t amused. Nor is this lady, as Alicia tries to get a picture. Another church. I think there was a higher density of churches than Tim Hortons we have back in Canada. Some students relaxing under a tree. Another monument. And some mandatory yarn bombing! Me beside Vincas Kudirka, one of the founders of Lithuania (for lack of a better term). These three sisters were above the opera house. Part of the old city. And more crosses, one of those heritage products. Faith was always held on during whatever occupation happened to be in at the time. Much persecution of priests and nuns happened during occupation (many of the great freedom fighters were priests), and even in the face of the risk of being a man or woman of the cloth, Catholicism held on strong and gave the people hope. Apartments! As the day started to end, we made our way back to the hotel. This was a view from our window, although there was a lovely green courtyard down below. During our adventures we did come across something else. We found some cake in one of the grocery stores, the same type of cake as we had for our wedding, along side some sparkling Lithuanian wine. For the record, the thought was nice, but wines and store bought cakes are not something Lithuania is known for… and with good reason
Cheers!
Day 20: Moscow – Metro Tour!
Today is the day where we had originally hoped to visit Stalin’s bunker. This hope was dashed as we found out a week or two before the trip that it was cancelled for some unknown reason (we later guess it may have had something to do with the May 9th celebrations). Instead we opted for a tour of another underground location – the Moscow Metro system. The Metro was even used as a bomb shelter during WWII, so it was so close it didn’t really make a difference for us.
The Metro is also massive, and is still being expanded.
This also leads us to our first problem with the Metro system. Its maps, specifically most of the ones given in paper format were designed for tourists. You may be thinking – oh great, he’s finally lost it – but bear with me. Maps such as this are great, since Russia is a phonetic language, meaning if you can read it and know the sounds those letters make, you can say it. So maps like this do make it possible to ask people for a station name (although Metro is a universal word). What the locals generally cannot go though is point to something on this map, since it is in English and some kind person decided not to confuse tourists by not including the Cyrillic names of the stations on the map. Which is the downfall to this map, as a tourist you can see Cyrillic symbols, I am completely incapable of matching the station’s proper name with its English translation.
We were greeted at our hotel by our guide, who was about our age and taken to the nearest Metro station. One nice part of the system is once you pay to get in, you can stay on as long as you want, making this a very inexpensive tour. So after entering the Metro we proceeded down a long, low ceiling tunnel that ran under some roads. On one side of the tunnel are shops, very tiny shops. Most of them sell small items, but some even have clothes and are creative with curtains to form a dressing room. Once past these stores you enter the Metro itself, pay for a ticket and off you go. Well not quite, you need to go down, very far down. A large escalator that was well over 100m long (and very steep) took us to the lower level of the station where we could find the actual subway trains.
The first thing we were introduced to was that like any good public space, all of the subway stations are entirely decorated in marble. This included the more ‘austerity’ ones opened in the 80s. So the newer stations could be identified since while made out of marble, they were ‘just’ very plain looking. Another fact we found out was that no two subway stations look alike. Not only is this neat, but it is useful! Each station is notoriously poorly labeled, and it can be impossible to see the name of the station when you are on the train, so the different marble décor helps people identify where they are on the route.
So what kind of décor would be present? Well the first station had simple marble tiles and several very large (3mx10m) glass tile mosaics, and this was one of the more ugly stations. The next station we were at had carvings.
All of the artwork in each station had a very specific Communist motif, and was meant to spread the thought and greatness of Communism and the USSR. So you will notice that stars, hammers, sickles, the military, wheat, iron and greatness are always present somehow.
And while the walls of the station were amazing, looking up on the platform there were these large glass mosaics.
The above mosaic was originally intended for the station where we got onto the subway, however it was nearly complete by the time the octagonal pieces were done, so they were shipped off to the next station to be mounted. Interestingly all the mosaics were created by one expert craftsman who lived in Saint Petersburg. A monument to him is also in the station.
And what is to cool about a guy that made mosaic murals? Well he apparently did some great work in a church in Saint Petersburg, Храм Спаса на Крови (which translates to The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood). He was also very old when he was tasked by Stalin to make these mosaics. He didn’t want to at first, but Stalin insisted. Oh, and the subway was being constructed around the start of WWII.
What ended up happening made these mosaics a bit of a miracle. During their construction Germany attacked Russia, and started to bomb Saint Petersburg, eventually leading to its occupation. Like any city being attacked and then occupied, supplies become scarce. He dispatched a letter to Moscow asking for candles and fuel so that he could work (all the windows had been boarded up). The request was denied citing that it was too dangerous – yet somehow he was able to complete the mosaics. When it came time to pick up the finished product, Stalin had no trouble sending our a group to pick up the artwork and bring it back to Moscow. The artist died shortly thereafter (most people suspect this project had kept him going).
Other art in the subway is different, but most of it starts to follow the basic themes. Take a guess what message they are giving here
We then travelled to more stations, eventually stopping here, where these chandeliers
hung from the ceiling. I like the subtle hammer and sickle.
And the stations became more and more grand. One had these massive marble benches on the platform that people could sit on. We questioned why they would be built, since they were a level even above the stations. Our guide explained that the benches had once belonged to a church and were built in the 14th century. Since the Communists outlawed religion, the benches were no longer needed. And rather than throw something out, the even practical Russians reused it in their subway station.
The next station just took things to a completely new level with bronze archways and amazing lighting.
In the center of each of the circle of lights was a tile mosaic of some great Russian activity.
The art style changed sometimes, but being great at sport was hugely important.
Some of the station platforms are over 1km long! This one is located fairly deep and was used for a dinner party Stalin hosted during WWII (I think it was Christmas). You can imagine all the tables set up here.
This monument was added in a station after WWII, as a tribute to the Belarusians. They came to the aid of the Russians and fought against the Germans.
And the chandeliers continued. This one being creative in the use of fluorescent lighting. It is unique in this way, since many stations had tried to use CFLs, but the light was so poor, they swapped back to incandescent bulbs.
One thing that isn’t translated well by these photos is the noise. The newer lines were okay, but the older ones were deafening! Many of the stories our guide told us were paused each time a train came in or out of a station. That said, the stations continued to be very easy on the eyes and kept a ‘simple’ look.
And to think this is public space. I actually like the idea of having it so beautiful, since it certainly shows where your taxes went.
More of Lenin, I think this was him at the start of the revolution in Saint Petersburg. Interestingly he wasn’t in the city at the time as this picture. We are surmising it meant his spirit was there, although I am sure the people that installed this piece would disagree with me.
Another station. My jaw was still on the floor, and as I write this has dropped again.
A closer shot of some of the art in the station.
A close up of the detailing in the station. Got to love the red stars!
In many of the pieces of imagery used all the people were common people, and were just plain and simple. All jobs were typically either farm or factory worker, with the occasional soldier thrown in. It is neat to see how hard the PR machine worked back then to keep people’s minds thinking along certain lines. Even in this tribute to the end of WWII they brought up the same thoughts. That said it makes me happy thinking how many monuments mark the end of that war, may we never go into another one like that again.
And the insane metro stations continued.
And then we came to one of the busiest stations in the entire metro system. Moscow’s metro moves about 12M people a day (about half of the population of the city, since they make 2 trips each). We came to this station on a Saturday, in the morning, on a long weekend and it was still busy! It reminded us briefly of Beijing, although with less English. This station was neat since Stalin had commissioned an artist to create bronze statues for this station. Like all the other stations before it, Stalin would inspect and approve of it personally before it could open. Also, if he didn’t like your work… well bad things could happen to you. It wasn’t uncommon to have at least one or two works in each station specifically showing off Stalin’s greatness. Oddly, we didn’t see a single one all day, and were told we’d find out shortly why.
So back to this station and its art. It contains around 80 full-sized bronze people. Each of these people represent a segment of Russian society. Here we have the woman farmer.
And here is a soldier, at the start of the station, defending it and all of the people behind him.
The lighting is horrible in here, and flashes just ruined it, but they were pretty epic. We enjoyed particularly the one of a man and his dog (police I believe). Tradition in the city was that people would rub the nose of the dog for good luck. Its nose was nice and shiny to prove it. It was also amusing to see all the other spots people had polished the statues, wishing for good luck.
And here are most of the statues. Notice anything odd?
And lastly at the end of the station were these two – two children. Everyone else was the past of Russia and these were their future. One aspect that our guide excelled at was the history and context when everything was built. This station was made during Stalin’s time, and he had very tight control on the entire country. Now scroll back and notice that every single statue is sitting, except for the children. A bit odd? Maybe space constraints? It was actually the artist making a political statement in an era where being overt would at best have you killed, and at worst… well… let’s not get into that. There is a saying in Russia, when you are in prison you sit. The entire country in prison due to Stalin? Maybe.
After our history lesson we went to one of the ‘plain’ stations, created during the time of austerity. Horrible isn’t it 😉
And then we ventured to another station, this one being one of the most grand in the entire system.
In each area there was some battle being depicted where Russia was victorious. They sometimes went back a LONG time.
The golden emblem there is the USSR one, complete with the regular symbols.
This was also a very long station.
And here is a mosaic made to commemorate the victory over Germany in 1944, and here are some interesting bits and stories about this art. Of course it has the ever popular hammer, sickle and grain, with the person wrapped in the red cloth of Communism. It is also in Red Square (see the background) and on the floor is a bunch of flags, specifically Nazi flags. The story goes back when Germany was defeated by Russia, the Russians celebrated with a huge parade through Red Square. At the end of the parade was a battalion of German soldier, marching after the Russian army. When the parade was wrapping up, near Lenin’s mausoleum, something unexpected happened. The German troops all threw their flags onto the ground in a pile and marched out of the city. And so this picture was made. More interestingly this is not the original picture, it has been ‘enhanced’ over time. Originally there was no hammer and sickle in her hand, instead there was a flag with Stalin’s face.
So remember how we couldn’t find evidence of Stalin anywhere in these stations, even though he usually had several works done in his honour? It is because each of them have been changed. After Stalin’s death the new ruling party did all that they could to distance themselves from him (calling Stalin unpopular is a gross understatement). In response they set out to wipe his presence and any memory of him from Moscow. Currently there is only one piece of artwork of Stalin in the city (barring what is in people’s private homes), and that is his bust, behind Lenin’s tomb (in Red Square), where he is buried.
The piece below used to have Stalin in it. The baby was actually reaching for Stalin (I think it was a flag or a face), however you can’t really tell it was changed.
And so began our most important lesson of the day.
Russia is a country with an unpredictable history.
It also was why our guide had studied history so hard (even though he is an engineer and only does this on the weekends to meet new people and teach them). He was always watchful of how those in charge could change perceptions on how things once were. He told us a story of the Russian-Georgian war in the early 2000s. He was in London and saw it on CNN, BBC, Euronews and Russian TV. He swears there were different wars going on. Afterwards we had a great conversation afterwards about how things are now, and where they were going, all in a very neutral way. We had no trouble understanding each other.
So we then came to one of the newer stations, this one being unique as it was the only one that uses stained glass for its decoration.
Each panel showed a different career that one of the people could have. It had the normal farmer, soldier and factory worker. It even had engineers, which were rarer to see in the other stations. What this one did have which was unique was artists as a profession.
And we finished up in this other plain station, the Mendelson Skya. For us science geeks, it was awesome!
And with that it was 12:30, and much of the day was still to go.